Efforts to expand geothermal power production in Hawaii are gaining momentum as three state agencies push for legislative approval of funding to harness geothermal energy across Hawaii Island, Maui, and Oahu. These initiatives aim to achieve Hawaii’s ambitious goal of sourcing 100% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2045 while reducing the high cost of energy, predominantly driven by imported oil. The success of these plans hinges on securing approximately $80 million from Hawaii taxpayers over the next two years, with potential for additional funding in the future, to mitigate the risks and costs associated with identifying new geothermal sites.
The Puna Geothermal Venture, operational since 1993 on Hawaii Island, stands as the state’s sole geothermal power plant. However, officials assert that geothermal energy could play a more prominent role in the state’s renewable energy strategy. Despite its potential, community opposition persists due to health concerns and the cultural significance of geothermal sites, viewed by some Native Hawaiians as an affront to Madame Pele, the volcano goddess.
This year, the Hawaii State Energy Office (HSEO) requested $16.5 million annually over the next two fiscal years to advance geothermal site research and community engagement, in partnership with the University of Hawaii Groundwater and Geothermal Resource Center. With current funding, HSEO plans to identify a test well site on Hawaii Island outside of Puna by early next year. Should additional funding be approved, similar efforts could extend to Maui and Oahu. The initiative underscores the state’s recognition that existing land resources are insufficient for reaching renewable energy targets solely through solar, wind, or biofuel projects.
Parallel to HSEO’s efforts, the Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (DBEDT) seeks additional funding through Senate Bill 1269. This initiative, in collaboration with private consultants and the University of Hawaii, aims to identify potential geothermal sites and conduct comprehensive community outreach. The proposal outlines a phased approach to reduce the number of potential sites and explore the viability of commercial geothermal development.
In a separate endeavor, the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL) is exploring geothermal energy on its lands, although legislative funding for these efforts has faced setbacks due to cultural and health concerns. DHHL continues to seek federal funding to advance its geothermal exploration initiatives.
Despite the complex history of geothermal power in Hawaii, which includes community opposition and legal challenges, supporters argue that advancements in technology have mitigated previous health and environmental concerns. Recent surveys indicate growing public support for geothermal energy, reflecting a shifting perception of its role in Hawaii’s renewable energy future.
The Bottom Line
The expansion of geothermal power in Hawaii presents opportunities and challenges for the state and its residents. On one hand, increasing geothermal energy production could significantly reduce Hawaii’s reliance on imported oil, potentially lowering electricity costs and contributing to environmental sustainability. This would align with the state’s long-term renewable energy goals, benefiting the broader community by fostering energy independence and reducing carbon emissions.
However, the pursuit of geothermal energy must also navigate cultural sensitivities and community concerns. The potential impact on local communities, particularly those with historical and cultural ties to geothermal sites, necessitates careful consideration and ongoing dialogue. Balancing economic, environmental, and cultural priorities will be crucial as Hawaii progresses toward a more sustainable energy future.
Ultimately, the success of these geothermal initiatives will depend on securing appropriate funding, addressing community concerns, and demonstrating the tangible benefits of geothermal energy as a key component of Hawaii’s renewable energy landscape.