Negotiations between Iran and the United States regarding Tehran’s advancing nuclear program are set to progress to the “expert level,” indicating a rapid movement in the discussions. Analysts emphasize, however, that this advancement does not necessarily predict an imminent agreement. It reflects ongoing talks between Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and U.S. Mideast envoy Steve Witkoff, indicating that negotiations have not yet stalled over critical issues such as Tehran’s nuclear restrictions in return for economic sanctions relief.
The transition to technical discussions demonstrates both parties’ intention to engage in practical and realistic dialogue, exploring intricate details. If demands such as the dismantling of Iran’s enrichment program had been made, Iran would likely not have agreed to proceed to this level.
Nevertheless, these technical talks pose potential challenges. Key questions remain, such as the acceptable level of uranium enrichment by Iran and how Tehran’s ballistic missile program fits into the equation. This missile program was a significant factor when President Donald Trump withdrew the United States from the accord in 2018. Determining which sanctions could be lifted remains another critical issue.
The role of experts is crucial, as seen in the 2015 nuclear deal when U.S. Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz and Ali Akbar Salehi of Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization negotiated technical specifics. The deal limited uranium enrichment to 3.67% purity and imposed a stockpile cap, while today Iran enriches uranium up to 60% purity. The International Atomic Energy Agency last reported a stockpile of 8,294.4 kilograms, highlighting the importance of expert negotiation in reaching effective and verifiable agreements.
The exact experts participating in the current negotiations have not been disclosed. Both American and Iranian representatives have maintained discretion regarding the discussions’ details, though they have expressed optimism about progress. A recent dispute arose from misconceptions about permissible enrichment levels, leading to a clarification from Witkoff that any agreement must align with the Trump administration’s objectives.
Despite challenges, experts remain optimistic about the negotiations’ direction. The commencement of expert-level discussions is seen as a positive development, although significant work remains. These talks must navigate detailed discussions and address complex issues that require expert input. The involvement of technical experts is essential to finalize any potential agreement, as they are responsible for implementing strategic goals set by senior officials.
