Superman, the iconic superhero born as a Kryptonian and raised in the Methodist faith, was brought to life by two Jewish teenagers in 1930s Cleveland. His character is deeply intertwined with themes of faith and morality. Although explicit religious references are absent in Superman comics, over the past eight decades, he has been perceived as a divine figure, embodying qualities reminiscent of a savior. His sacrifices are seen as Christ-like, his leadership as strong as Moses parting the Red Sea, and his compassion akin to that of a bodhisattva, guiding Buddhists on their spiritual journey. While religious undertones are evident to scholars, comic book writers, and fans, what truly sets Superman apart from other superheroes is his unique ability to instill hope in a despairing world.
As fans commemorate Superman Day, celebrating 87 years since the superhero’s creation, they eagerly await the release of James Gunn’s upcoming film, “Superman,” scheduled for July 11. This film features David Corenswet, the first Jewish actor to portray Superman in a major motion picture, and promises a portrayal of a vulnerable Man of Steel grounded in fundamental values of goodness, compassion, and hope shared by many faiths. This depiction has ignited discussions about Superman’s role in contemporary society and his ethical code, especially in light of recent portrayals of superheroes as anti-heroes. In a recent interview, Corenswet expressed his admiration for Superman’s focus on the positive aspects of humanity. Gunn echoed this sentiment, emphasizing Superman’s commitment to preserving life above all else, in stark contrast to his archenemy Lex Luthor, who prioritizes scientific advancement over life.
Superman’s benevolent and hopeful character inspired Robert Revington, a lecturer at the Vancouver School of Theology, to skydive dressed as Superman on his 28th birthday. Despite being a Christian, Revington prefers not to conflate Superman with Christ, viewing him instead as a symbol of hope and an example of positive masculinity. Revington and many others cherish the depiction of Superman in “All-Star Superman,” a 12-issue series published between 2005 and 2008. In this series, Superman saves a young person from despair, delivering the empowering message, “You are stronger than you think you are.” Grant Morrison, the writer of these comics, was influenced by Giovanni Pico della Mirandola’s “Oration On The Dignity of Man,” which advocates for humanity’s virtue surpassing that of angels.
Superman’s influence extends beyond the pages of comics, serving as an inspiration for individuals to aspire to their best selves. Matthew Brake, founder and editor of Pop Culture and Theology, believes that Superman embodies an ideal that encourages people to be their better selves. Superman’s character is also informed by his upbringing as a Kansas farm boy, nurtured by his kind-hearted adoptive parents, Jonathan and Martha Kent, who are depicted as Methodists in the comics.
In recent years, superheroes have often been portrayed less favorably. In “The Boys,” a series adapted from a comic book, a Superman-like character named Homelander is depicted as a government-sponsored hero hiding a sadistic nature. Similarly, “Invincible,” a comic adapted for television, features Omni-man, a Superman-like character revealed to be an alien invader. The protagonist, Invincible, must choose between defending Earth and siding with his father. “Dune,” a renowned sci-fi book and blockbuster film, warns of the perils of superhero worship, with its author Frank Herbert cautioning that superheroes can lead to catastrophe.
Despite these portrayals, Superman remains a relatable and enduring figure in popular culture, transcending race and ethnicity. Gene Luen Yang, known for his 2020 graphic novel “Superman Smashes the Klan,” explores themes of identity and belonging, drawing parallels between his experiences as a Chinese American and Superman’s story. Yang sees Superman as a transcendent character, inspiring a sense of community and spirituality akin to religious devotion.
While Superman’s character is not inherently religious, he serves as a gateway to the sacred through the profane. A. David Lewis, a graphic novelist and comic book writer, appreciates how people find spiritual connection in Superman’s narrative, though he emphasizes that the character transcends specific religious affiliations. Superman’s Jewish roots are significant, with his Kryptonian name, Kal-El, bearing Hebrew connotations of divinity. Samantha Baskind, a professor of art history, draws parallels between Superman’s story and Jewish history, highlighting themes of survival and resilience.
Despite the religious undertones, Superman’s appeal to the increasingly unaffiliated remains strong, reflecting a broader American civil religion that unites individuals across religious identities. Neal Bailey, an atheist and long-time contributor to Superman Homepage, sees Superman as a philosophical pragmatist, focusing on commonalities and human potential beyond religious differences.