Recent findings indicate that fluctuations in cholesterol levels, particularly among older adults, may be associated with an increased risk of dementia and cognitive decline.
Cholesterol, a fat-like substance, plays a vital role in making cell membranes, hormones, and bile salts for fat digestion. However, excessive levels can pose health risks, such as coronary heart disease. A new study highlights that not just high cholesterol but fluctuating cholesterol levels might influence brain health, particularly in older individuals.
Presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2024, the study revealed that annual changes in cholesterol levels could potentially elevate the risk of dementia in those aged 70 and above. Participants of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) project were monitored over several years. Of the 9,846 participants from Australia and the U.S., none had dementia at the start, and a significant portion remained on cholesterol-lowering medications throughout the study.
Researchers divided participants into groups based on the extent of cholesterol level changes and observed them for six years. During this period, 509 individuals developed dementia, and 1,760 faced cognitive decline without full dementia onset. Those with the most significant cholesterol fluctuations showed a 60% higher risk of dementia and a 23% increase in cognitive decline compared to those with stable levels.
Dr. Emer MacSweeney, a consultant neuroradiologist, noted that fluctuations in LDL cholesterol might lead to instability in atherosclerotic plaque, increasing risks of restricted blood flow and brain function impairment. These cholesterol level changes can suggest underlying health instability or issues with lipid metabolism, potentially contributing to cognitive impairment.
Lead researcher Zhen Zhou suggested that those with significant year-to-year cholesterol variations might require closer monitoring and preventive measures. Zhou emphasized the need for further research to understand whether cholesterol levels are indeed a risk factor or a biomarker for dementia.
Despite these findings, some experts remain skeptical. Dr. Clifford Segil pointed out that while monitoring cholesterol is crucial for preventing heart issues, its link to dementia risk is not yet established enough for immediate clinical application. Cholesterol levels, especially LDL and total cholesterol, have not been conclusively identified as direct dementia risk indicators.
The study opens a new dialogue about the potential link between cholesterol variability and dementia. While more research is needed, particularly across diverse populations, these findings could pave the way for new diagnostic markers and preventive strategies in managing cognitive health in older adults.
Source: Medicalnewstoday
