Emerging evidence suggests that engaging in physical fitness activities might protect cognitive health throughout aging, even among those genetically predisposed to dementia, according to new study findings.
As dementia continues to impact over 55 million individuals globally, with 10 million new cases each year, research underscores the role of fitness in mitigating cognitive decline. Recent studies highlight the significance of cardiorespiratory fitness in maintaining cognitive performance, even for those who possess genetic risk factors such as the APOE e4 gene.
A groundbreaking study has shown that older adults with higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness demonstrate improved cognitive performance across multiple areas, regardless of genetic predispositions. This suggests that maintaining fitness can potentially offset the risks associated with dementia. The investigation is published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine and establishes a correlation between fitness and enhanced cognitive abilities, marking a significant contribution to existing literature.
The study involved 648 participants aged 65 to 80, residing in Boston, Pittsburgh, and Kansas City. These individuals were cognitively healthy and free from diabetes or significant neurological and cardiovascular conditions. The study excluded those who engaged in regular moderate to vigorous physical activities to maintain the focus on individuals with lower fitness levels.
Participants underwent a detailed assessment of their cardiorespiratory fitness using a treadmill exercise test. The test measured oxygen consumption (VO2max) alongside other health metrics, revealing an average VO2max of 21.68 ml/kg/min, which provided insights into their fitness levels. Genetic factors, such as the presence of the APOE e4 gene and usage of beta-blocker medications, were considered to evaluate the fitness-cognition association comprehensively.
The results indicated that those with superior cardiorespiratory fitness performed better on cognitive tests, demonstrating enhanced memory, processing speed, and attentional control. This relationship held true for all age groups in the study, including those with genetic predispositions.
Experts, such as Ryan Glatt of the FitBrain Program at Pacific Neuroscience Institute, affirm these findings, indicating that cardiovascular health significantly influences brain aging. However, it is crucial to consider these results as part of a broader evidence base, given the observational nature of the study. Further research is required to establish causation definitively.
Poor cardiovascular health is recognized as a potential risk factor for dementia, involving conditions like cardioembolic strokes and vascular dementia. Improving cardiorespiratory fitness might counter these risks through enhanced blood flow, reduced inflammation, and better brain metabolism.
Claire Sexton from the Alzheimer’s Association emphasizes that around 40% of dementia cases could be attributed to modifiable lifestyle factors. Thus, strategies focusing on fitness are pivotal in reducing dementia prevalence. Engaging in regular physical activity, learning new skills, managing chronic health conditions, and adopting a balanced diet can collectively safeguard cognitive functions.
Maintaining physical fitness emerges as a viable strategy to support brain health and potentially reduce dementia risks. Adopting regular exercise routines and healthy living practices can empower individuals to protect their memory and cognitive abilities as they age.
Source: Medicalnewstoday
