New findings from the University of Southern Denmark indicate that the diabetes medication Ozempic may significantly raise the risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a rare but severe condition affecting the optic nerve.
Two independent studies examined data from extensive Danish and Norwegian health registers, supporting earlier concerns raised by a smaller U.S. study. These studies revealed that the use of Ozempic could potentially double the likelihood of developing NAION, emphasizing the need for a balanced discussion between healthcare providers and patients regarding the medication’s benefits and risks.
In the first study involving 424,152 individuals with type 2 diabetes, researchers observed a doubling in the risk of NAION development among those using Ozempic. This condition is characterized by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the optic nerve, which can cause permanent vision loss. A second study, yet to be peer-reviewed, also identified increased risk among a more narrowly focused group of diabetic patients treated with Ozempic compared to alternative therapies.
Despite these compelling findings, researchers clarified that their results should not discourage patients from using Ozempic, as untreated diabetes can also lead to multiple, albeit less severe, eye complications. Lead researcher Anton Pottegård stated, ‘The core finding is that we observe more cases of NAION among semaglutide users. While the mechanism is unclear, it appears to elevate the disease risk.’
Novo Nordisk, the manufacturer of Ozempic, reasserted their position, describing NAION as an uncommon eye disease not typically associated with marketed formulations like Ozempic. They’ve determined that the drug’s benefit-risk profile remains unchanged, noting that only a minimal increase in absolute risk was observed — 2 cases per 10,000 patients annually versus 1 per 10,000 among those on alternative treatments.
Several experts not involved with the study weighed in on its implications. Ophthalmologist Benjamin Bert stressed the significance of such findings given the novelty of this medication class. He highlighted the need for individualized risk-benefit assessments during treatment discussions. Similarly, Mark A. Anton emphasized regular monitoring and communication between patients and healthcare providers to tailor treatments to specific patient needs.
Meanwhile, Howard Krauss warned against unnecessary alarm, pointing out that NAION remains a rare condition and expressing concern about media-induced fear affecting the use of effective treatments for type 2 diabetes. He advocated for further scientific investigation to explore potential causality between semaglutide and NAION.
In light of these findings, it is crucial that regulators remain informed about rare side effects to enhance pharmacovigilance efforts. As Pottegård noted, if a causal relationship is established, it should prompt scrutiny of other drugs in this category and further research into NAION’s prevalence and its mechanisms.
The recent studies underscore the importance of continuous research and open dialogue between patients and healthcare professionals regarding the safety of diabetes medications like Ozempic. While the increased risk of optic nerve damage is concerning, it remains rare, and the overall benefits and risks must be carefully assessed on an individual basis.
Source: Medicalnewstoday
