Iron is essential for the human body, particularly in forming hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. However, while iron is crucial for brain health, excessive accumulation over time can lead to cognitive impairments such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. The study suggests that incorporating specific nutrients into the diet could mitigate this risk.
The focus of the study was on non-heme iron, which accounts for about 90% of dietary iron intake. Non-heme iron is found in both plant and animal products. According to Valentinos Zachariou, PhD, from the University of Kentucky, iron must be released from its protective storage in ferritin to participate in cellular functions. Yet, this unbound form, known as non-heme iron, can be harmful if not properly regulated. As individuals age, the ability to regulate non-heme iron diminishes, leading to its accumulation and associated cognitive issues.
Building upon a 2021 study, researchers found that older adults with diets high in antioxidants, vitamins, iron-chelating nutrients, and polyunsaturated fatty acids had lower brain iron levels and better cognitive performance. Over a three-year follow-up, participants showed iron buildup in brain regions linked to worsened memory and executive functions. However, those with nutrient-rich diets experienced significantly less iron accumulation.
These findings suggest dietary choices may influence brain iron levels, challenging the notion that such accumulation is inevitable with aging. Future clinical trials could further explore the impact of nutritional interventions on iron buildup and cognitive health. Such trials would aim to determine whether the benefits depend on consuming these nutrients as part of a balanced diet or if they are effective independently.
Experts like Clifford Segil, DO, and Monique Richard, RDN, emphasize the potential importance of diet in maintaining brain health. Richard advises incorporating fresh produce, monitoring iron intake from animal and plant sources, and following diets like the Mediterranean or DASH diets. These diets offer high nutrient density, anti-inflammatory, and protective benefits, potentially reducing iron accumulation and slowing cognitive decline.
This research underscores the potential for dietary adjustments to play a pivotal role in brain health as we age. By focusing on nutrient-rich diets, individuals may reduce the risk of iron accumulation and maintain cognitive function.
Source: MedicalNewsToday
