A recent study published in the journal Neurology reveals that antibiotic use does not correlate with an increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia among healthy older adults.
This research offers comfort to those concerned about the implications of frequent antibiotic use, particularly individuals over the age of 65 who are often prescribed antibiotics more than their younger counterparts due to higher susceptibility to infections.
Antibiotic consumption among older adults remains prevalent; those over 65 use antibiotics 50% more than younger adults. This high rate is due to the increased likelihood of infections as people age. Despite their essential role in combating infections, antibiotics can disrupt the gut microbiome, potentially affecting cognitive functions via the gut-brain axis. However, the latest findings suggest that such disruptions may not contribute to cognitive decline or dementia in healthy individuals.
In the study, researchers analyzed data from the ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) trial, which included community-based older adults from Australia. The study tracked 13,571 participants over five years, starting with a two-year period where participants either used antibiotics or did not. Participants were grouped based on the frequency of their antibiotic prescriptions, ranging from one to more than five times during the initial period. Cognitive tests were administered at the study’s onset, after one year, and biennially thereafter to monitor changes in cognition, memory, thinking, language, and executive function.
Throughout the study’s follow-up, 461 participants developed dementia, and 2,576 showed signs of cognitive impairment without full dementia. After controlling for various factors, including demographics, lifestyle, family history of dementia, baseline cognitive function, and medications influencing cognition, researchers concluded there was no association between antibiotic use and an increased risk of dementia or cognitive decline. In fact, frequent or long-term use, regardless of antibiotic class, showed no increased risk.
Dr. Steve Allder, a neurologist not involved in the study, pointed out that while the findings offer reassurance about antibiotics not affecting cognitive health in healthy older adults, the study’s limitation lies in its duration. He suggests that future research should extend the follow-up period to 10-15 years to better understand long-term impacts. Additionally, investigating effects on those with pre-existing health conditions could provide more comprehensive insights.
Another expert, Dr. Clifford Segil, emphasized that older adults experiencing infections and subsequent delirium should not fear antibiotic use, as it helps manage delirium without increasing dementia risk. He advised that mental stimulation, social engagement, and physical activities are important for maintaining brain health and reducing dementia risk. Dietary considerations, like consuming a Mediterranean diet, and prioritizing sleep and stress management, were also recommended as beneficial strategies.
The study offers reassuring evidence that the use of antibiotics does not heighten the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia among healthy older adults. While further research is needed to examine long-term effects and those with existing health issues, current findings provide a sense of relief. Individuals can continue using antibiotics as prescribed, without added concern for cognitive health, while maintaining a healthy lifestyle to support overall well-being.
Source: MedicalNewsToday
