The U.S. Forest Service has announced plans to publish a final environmental review and draft decision regarding a land transfer that could pave the way for a significant copper mining project in Arizona. This development has sparked opposition from Native American groups who regard the area as sacred. The federal agency was required by a court order to provide a two-month notice before releasing documents related to the transfer of the Tonto National Forest land, known as Oak Flat, to Resolution Copper.
The legal battle over the land transfer continues, with an appeal pending before the U.S. Supreme Court. The appeal has been filed by Apache Stronghold, representing members of the San Carlos Apache Tribe. Apache Stronghold initially sued the U.S. government in 2021 under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act to protect Chi’chil Bildagoteel, an area revered by the Apaches for its ancient oak groves and traditional plants crucial to their religious practices.
In 2024, an appellate court panel did not block the land transfer required for the mining project, prompting Apache Stronghold to petition the Supreme Court. Federal government attorneys indicated that if the petition is still active or granted within 60 days of the notice, they might reconsider their approach.
President Donald Trump has signed several executive orders to boost domestic energy and mineral production, one of which specifically targets copper mining. Resolution Copper, a subsidiary of international mining companies Rio Tinto and BHP, estimates that the mine could produce 40 billion pounds of copper over its lifetime. The project is expected to contribute $1 billion annually to Arizona’s economy and generate thousands of jobs.
Resolution Copper has expressed optimism about the recent developments, highlighting over a decade of comprehensive reviews and consultations with local communities and Native American tribes. The company has emphasized creating a plan that preserves cultural heritage, natural resources, and enhances recreational opportunities, while supplying vital minerals domestically. Resolution Copper’s general manager, Vicky Peacey, stated that the project aligns Arizona’s resources and workforce with national energy security and infrastructure priorities.
However, concerns persist among environmentalists who describe the area as a “biological gem,” cautioning that mining could lead to significant environmental degradation. Peacey assured that the company is committed to maintaining an open dialogue to ensure responsible and sustainable development of the project.
