The European Union recorded 912,000 first-time asylum applications in 2024, marking a 13% decrease from the previous year. Syrians represented the largest group of applicants, with 148,000 individuals seeking protection, making up 16% of the total applications. Following them were Venezuelans with nearly 73,000 applications and Afghans with just over 72,000. Additionally, 36,000 unaccompanied minors sought asylum, predominantly from Syria (32%), Afghanistan (16%), and Egypt (8%).
Germany received the highest number of applications, accounting for a quarter of the total, followed by Spain with 18%, Italy with 17%, France with 14%, and Greece with 8%. Despite these figures, Cyprus experienced the greatest migration pressure, with 7.2 first-time applicants per 1,000 people, significantly higher than the EU average of two. Last month, Cyprus conducted a significant sea rescue operation after a migrant boat capsized 45 kilometers off its Mediterranean coast, leaving only two survivors. This rescue occurred amidst a rise in irregular border crossings in the eastern Mediterranean, as reported by the EU’s border protection agency, Frontex.
In terms of asylum applications per thousand people, Greece followed Cyprus with 6.6, while Ireland and Spain each recorded 3.4, and Luxembourg noted 3.2.
The Evolving Landscape
The decrease in asylum applications across the EU may influence various aspects of daily life and public policy. Countries such as Germany, Spain, and Italy, which receive a substantial number of asylum seekers, might experience changes in their social services and integration programs. A reduction in the number of applicants could relieve some pressure on these systems, allowing for more effective support and integration of those who do arrive.
In Cyprus, the significant migration pressure and recent maritime rescue efforts highlight the ongoing challenges faced by smaller nations within the EU. The strain on resources and infrastructure in such countries might necessitate increased support from the EU and international organizations to manage the influx and ensure humane treatment of migrants. Additionally, the rise in irregular border crossings in the eastern Mediterranean could lead to heightened security measures and collaborations among neighboring countries to address the root causes of migration and improve border management strategies.
